Hsinming Theatre (新明戲院)

I was recently talking with an expat who had just arrived in Taiwan and she asked me whether or not Taoyuan was really the ''armpit" of Taiwan. I haven't heard people use that term for a while (except for Forumosa types) and the only other pejorative term I've heard coming from the Taipei 'elites' is that this area is somehow the "wilds" of Taiwan - whatever that's supposed to mean.

I've lived here for ten years and while there are certainly valid criticisms of this city (as there all with all cities), most of problems that people do have are being rectified due to the local government's development plan that has seen the city progress quite a bit. For me, I've been quite impressed over the past few years with the way the government has taken a dull and dreary looking city and made it into a green one.

 Zhongli (中壢) is and always has been an industrial city - the period that I've lived in the city has seen a lot of the factories and production move overseas which has resulted in an economic downturn but as things have started to improve I think it's important that we also remember the history of the city and its glory days. Zhongli wasn't always a place that could be considered an "armpit" and was once a vibrant city where business flourished and various forms of entertainment could be found throughout the city.

In my recent post about the Japanese-era Police dorms here in Zhongli, I mentioned that thanks to fellow blogger and photographer Alexander Synaptic I've been bitten by the Urban Exploration bug. Compared to Alexander I'm still quite new to all of this but I've been making attempts to explore places that I never would have dared to before and have started noticing things that I would have likely overlooked in the past.

Today's post is from an abandoned theatre here in Zhongli and is truthfully a bit of a sore spot for me - I've lived in this city for over a decade and I can't tell you how many times I've gone to eat beef noodles at either Yong-Chuan (永川牛肉麵) or Hsin-Ming (新明牛肉麵) which are both in the same building as well as its neighbour and of my favourite Hakka places Papa's Secret Lover (阿爸的情人) and failed to notice the words "戲院“ (theatre) on the side of the building.  

I'm suppose I'm sore because after all the years of living here, it took less than a three month stay for Alexander to notice it, get inside and write a blog about it! (check out his blog too). This little piece of local history has been sitting there abandoned for the entire time I've been here and even though I passed by it a thousand times I was completely oblivious. 

The Hsin-Ming Theatre (新明戲院) was one of about a dozen movie theatres in operation in Zhongli during the golden era of Taiwan's economic miracle and before the advent of large multiplex theatres. I've learned that if you travel around any city in Taiwan and are observant enough you are likely to notice an abandoned movie theatre or two. Zhongli is no different and in the downtown core there are several abandoned theatres hiding in plain sight.

Today the city has two large state of the art multiplex cinemas (Venice/SBC) but almost all but one of the single-screen theatres have disappeared. The last remaining single screen theatre in the city shows second-run movies and is most interesting due to the fact that they have continued the tradition of hand-painted movie posters. If you are interested in a retro theatre experience you can check out a couple of movies at the Chung-Yuan Theatre (中源戲院) for a fraction of the price you'd pay at a normal theatre. The theatre is near Chung-Yuan University (中原大學) and also happens to be in the middle of the popular Chung-Yuan University night market (中原夜市).

According to government records, Hsin-Ming Theatre was in operation between 1980 and 1997. The building was once an important place in Zhongli as it not only housed the popular theatre but also the famous Yong-Chuan and Hsin-Ming beef noodle restaurants which are pretty much two of the most well-known and busiest restaurants in Zhongli. There are also market stalls on the first floor which housed several businesses that would supply products to the nearby Hsin-Ming Traditional Market (新明菜市場) which is still a vibrant place of business and one of the cheapest places to get fresh fruit, vegetables and meat in town.

The theatre closed in 1997 but the reason it closed is also quite mysterious - I've done quite a bit of research to figure out what happened but there is almost zero information online to really explain what happened. I have heard from local people that there was a fire and some people had died while inside (which for Taiwanese people automatically means that it is haunted) while others have explained that the theatre was old and smelled like a traditional market, so it went out of business.

From my research I found that a "Hsin-Ming theatre" (新明大戲院) actually did burn down, but that was in Beijing, which is no where near Taoyuan or Taiwan. I won't post any information about a fire or that people died until I have real facts and numbers, so at this point, it will remain a mystery.

The fire theory doesn't seem that far-fetched due to the fact that the inside of the theatre has been pretty much stripped and nothing really remains except for some garbage from the traditional market vendors below. You won't find the screen, nor will you see projectors or the seats. The floors are covered with almost twenty years of dust yet it doesn't actually smell terribly inside the room due to the fact that there are open windows that allow for air circulation.

The third floor of the building is also a mystery to me (if any history buffs around here know what it was used for I'd really like to know!) as it is a very large open space that appears as if it once housed something of significance. It wasn't really a part of the theatre itself so its safe to say that something else was going on there. Today it is completely empty and all that remains is a a tree branch and a wicker chair as well as what looked like garbage from a squatter who has since moved on. I've asked people who have lived in the city all their life and they have no idea, so if I ever do figure it out, I'll be sure to update.

Truthfully, if I compare it to other abandoned theatres, there isn't really much to see in this one but it is just another little piece of local history and I'm glad I explored it and learned more about it. Whenever I visit Yong-Chuan for the best beef noodles in Taiwan, I'll be able to annoy friends with even more facts about the local history of this beautiful and under-appreciated city that certainly isn't as "wild" as it used to be.

I'm not going to announce to the interwebs you how to get into the theatre - the fun part of urban exploration is to figure this kind of stuff out on your own. If you are interested though, gaining access is quite easy and none of the neighbours really seem to mind if people are coming or going. Remember that if you do go in you should be quiet and respectful and not take anything except for photos! 


Yimin Temple (褒忠義民廟)

If you've been following my blog for a while now, you'll know that I'm a big fan of Taiwan's temples - I love the history, the art and the culture that goes into making them some of the most interesting places to visit in Taiwan. Of all the temples that I've introduced however, none of them have been as difficult to write about than Hsinpu's Yimin temple.

I have lived in an area of Taiwan for the last decade and that ispredominately populated by Hakka people and most of my friends, coworkers and food I eat are all Hakka. I have a great respect for the culture and feel like if I'm going to write about this temple that I'm going to have to do it justice.

This temple is most responsible for the preservation of Hakka culture in Taiwan and no matter how many hardships the Hakka's have experienced throughout their history - this temple has played an instrumental role in reminding them that it is okay to stand up proudly and tell the world "I am a Hakka".

The Baozhong Yimin Temple (褒忠義民廟) in the tiny village of Hsinpu (新埔鎮) has thus become a Mecca-like place of worship and celebration for the Hakka people of Taiwan where their culture, history, and cuisine have been carefully preserved over the last few centuries of Taiwan's development despite discrimination and persecution from other ethnic groups. 

The Hakka (客家人) are an ethnic group which originated somewhere near the Yellow River (黃河) in what is now China's northern Shanxi (山西), Henan (河南) and Hubei (湖北) provinces. The early history of the group is shrouded in mystery and historical records aren't really clear as to their origin given that the earliest recorded history referring to the group was during the Song Dynasty (宋朝) between 960 and 1279.

They are part of the 55 different ethnic groups that makes up the Han people (漢族) and are genetically similar to the northern Chinese with the only distinguishable different being their language, culture and cuisine.

The Hakka are pejoratively known within China as the "Jews of Asia" due to the fact that throughout their recorded history they were forced to migrate en-masse on five different occasions mirroring that of the experience of the Jewish people in the Middle East and Europe. The problem with this comparison however is that the Jewish people often migrated due to the sheer hatred and racism directed towards them whereas the Hakka people migrated in order to escape the turbulence of China's warring states period and the political and social upheavals that occurred when there was a regime change in the Middle Kingdom. 

Each migration found the Hakka people moving further and further south ultimately settling in areas such as Guangdong (廣東), Jiangxi (江西), and Fujian (福建) provinces and once again becoming some of the earliest Han people to migrate to Taiwan (as well as other parts of South East Asia) where they would find a permanent home. Today they are considered the most diasporic among all of the Chinese ethnic groups with a total population of around 80 million living in countries all over the world.

The Hakka people started immigrating to Taiwan in the 16th century and even though life on the island was tremendously difficult in the early years, they persisted due to their wealth of experience and their ability to adapt to new environments. Today the Hakka population in Taiwan is around five million which is about twenty percent of the entire population of the country. They live all over the country but have concentrated populations in Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli as well as in the south of Taiwan in Kaohsiung and Pingtung counties.

Today the Taiwanese government has set up a division known as the Hakka Affairs Council (客家委員會) to assist in preserving and promoting Hakka culture in Taiwan as well as around the world. Hakka culture and traditions however have been passed down generationally and the group has become well-known in Taiwan for the importance they place on hard work, family and relationships. The Hakka people might have been guests (客人) in the places they migrated to in China hundreds of years ago, but today they treat guests like family making them one of the friendliest and most hospitable groups in Taiwan.

The Baozhong Yimin Temple was the original centre for the preservation and consolidation of Hakka culture in Taiwan and the role it has played over the last 200 years has been integral in keeping Hakka language and traditions alive.

Yimin Temple isn't a typical Taiwanese temple and while the exterior may look similar, there are quite a few differences that separate it from the rest. What makes it stand apart is actually quite simple - Most temples in Taiwan are dedicated to a specific deity (or even several) whereas the purpose of this one isn't for the worship a higher power but instead the proud history of the Hakka people.

To understand all of this, we have to go back to the reason why the temple was built in the first place - "Yimin" (義民) which translates into English as "righteous people" refers to a group of Hakka men who banded together to form a militia in order to protect their homes from invasion. Today they are memorialized as righteous, brave and loyal defenders of their homeland showing what is considered some of the best aspects of Hakka culture. The story is not unlike a feel-good Hollywood movie where a group of underdogs band together against all odds to achieve something incredibly unlikely.

In 1786, a Hoklo (閩南人) uprising against the Qing dynasty formed in Changhua (彰化) which later became known as the "Lin Shuang-Wen Insurrection" (林爽文件事). The Qing dynasty at the time had little resources in Taiwan (due to disinterest in the island) and was unable to quell the insurrection on its own which meant that they required assistance from groups loyal to the empire.

The Hakka people who had developed a prosperous economy in the Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli areas of western Taiwan got together to discuss the insurrection and decided to form a volunteer militia in order to protect their lands from an army which conspired to oust the Qing and conquer lands to the north which threatened to once again send the Hakka packing.

This time, rather than migrating of their own free will, the Hakka amassed a force of 1,300 men and marched its way into Hsinchu to battle the rebels. When the dust settled and the battle was over the Hakka militia had lost around 200 soldiers yet were victorious in battle.

When it came time to return home, the militia piled up the bodies of the deceased and placed them on ox-carts to be taken back home so that their families could honour them properly. Upon reaching Hsinpu, it was decided that the bodies would be buried in a common tomb in the Fangliao area (枋寮) of the village.

Local people pooled together money and built a large tomb for the fallen heroes who were later awarded with a hand-written plaque of appreciation from the emperor which read "Baozhong" (褒忠) or "in praise of loyalty" which was regarded as a great honour for the people in the area and was the reason why the temple was given the name: "Baozhong Yimin Temple" (褒忠義民廟).

The Hakka people share a common history with many other ethnic-Chinese groups and ancestral worship has traditionally been an important part of their culture and religious beliefs. When the initial planning started for the temple it was decided that a building would be constructed in front of where the tomb was built and inside the temple would be a spirit tablet (神位) which would be dedicated to the deceased members of the Hakka community who died during the insurrection.

This would become the foundation for "Yimin" worship in Taiwan and is a tradition that has spread throughout Taiwan over the past two centuries having expanded to over thirty temples throughout the country known as either Baozhong Pavilion (褒忠亭) or Yimin Temple (義民廟).

Yimin Spirit Tablet (義民神位)

A spirit tablet is a plaque is meant to take the place of someone of importance or even a god. It is common to find spirit tablets within temples dedicated to Confucius (Taipei, Taoyuan Hsinchu) as well as in some Taoist temples. The purpose of a tablet like this is to designate the seat of a deity or an ancestor. Tablets like this are common throughout East Asia in places where ancestral worship is common. The tablet placed within Yimin temple reads "敕封褒忠粵東義民位" which basically refers to the fact that the Hakka warriors represented within the tablet were venerated by royal decree.  

The spirit tablet which became known as "Yimin Ye" (義民爺) isn't supposed to be a 'deity' in the traditional Taoist or folk religion sense but over time it started to serve a lot of the same function making Yimin worship a bit confusing in the context of traditional religion in Taiwan.

The original purpose of the Yimin spirit tablet was to allow the Hakka people to have a place to honour their ancestors as well as to keep the Hakka spirit alive. Local belief has it though that a few (so-called) miraculous events surrounding the tablets took place which led to people starting to pay their respect to the spirit tablet in the temple as well as using it to receive spiritual guidance and some much needed good luck. The superstitions that ultimately evolved from early Yimin worship helped to foster the importance of the Yimin Cultural Festival (義民文化節) which has become the largest event of the year on the Hakka calendar.

The Yimin festival had modest beginnings and started as a way for the Hakka community to come together once a year to celebrate the harvest and give thanks to the ancestors who helped save their land. There are many activities held around the temple and in other Hakka communities around Taiwan with a feast being one of the most important events. The festival has continued to this day and has unfortunately become most known for the 'Pigs of God' tradition which has become somewhat notorious in recent years. I explained the Pigs of God aspect of the festival in an earlier blog, so I won't go into much detail about that here. The important thing to remember is that the Pigs of God is actually just a small part of a very important festival which celebrates Hakka culture, history, cuisine and their way of life.

Design

Unfortunately the original temple succumbed to a fate much like that of Taipei's Longshan Temple and Confucius temple and only lasted until 1895 when it was either burnt down or bombed by the Japanese during the first Sino-Japanese War (第一日中戰爭).

The temple was rebuilt shortly after and completed in 1904 and is the structure that we see standing in Hsinpu today. It is a very simple temple that doesn't have all the glitter of a typical Taiwanese temple but at the same time is one of the most important temples in Taiwan. It was constructed in a way that it has an exterior that is quite similar in design to the Hakka-style homes of that era (of which there are quite a few well-preserved specimens in nearby Jhubei) and while it is much larger than any home of that era would have been, its interior is very much like other temples that you'd see around Taiwan only a bit simpler.

To give a little more detail the temple is constructed in a specific style consisting of two main halls, two corridors and two side halls. (二殿二廊二橫屋). The hall at the entrance has help desks on the sides with a large courtyard and a large incense pot in the middle where there are often large groups of people paying their respects. The rear hall is elevated and by a few steps and is where the shrines are located. In the main shrine there is the Yimin spirit tablet with two shrines on the sides dedicated to the Three Mountain Kings (三山國王), Guanyin (觀音菩薩) and another dedicated to Lord Shennong (神農大帝) who acts as a patron to farmers.

The corridors to the side of the main halls lead to separate rooms filled with beautiful art and the cool-looking lamps that you see in almost every temple (光明燈) which are used as a way of collecting donations from patrons of the temple who get to have their name on a lamp for good luck and spiritual wellbeing.

Behind the temple is a small mountain where a beautiful park has been constructed. The walk up the hill during the winter months is especially nice because you get to see beautiful cherry blossoms. The important thing to notice behind the temple though is the tomb that is set up for the Hakka warriors who protected their lands and are the reason why the temple exists in the first place.

To the left of the temple there is a man-made lake with a bridge and a lot of cool things to see and the forest area behind it. Truthfully though the lake area seems a bit kitschy to me so I rarely spend a lot of time around there checking it out.

If you visit the temple during the week it can be surprisingly quiet and peaceful while on the other hand if you visit on the weekend it is usually quite busy with people doing their thing. The last time I visited when I went specifically to ask a few questions about the history of the Pigs of God festival I thought it was really cool to see a group of old men sitting at a table while a younger guy was sitting down recording the way they spoke which seemed like an attempt on his part to not only learn the Hakka language but also record the way that the older generation of people speak the language. If you visit the temple during Lunar New Year or during the Yimin Festival you're going to have a very different experience as the temple will be so busy and there will be so many things going on that it seems a little like sensory overload.

For me, I love visiting this temple, especially during the busy times because it is not your typical religious place of worship. There is so much more going on there than that and that's what makes it special - its a temple dedicated to the preservation of culture and as someone who is interested in the cultural anthropology of Taiwan, it is a great place to visit to not only learn about Taiwan's history but also experience it at the same time. If you find yourself in the Jhubei area or in Hsinchu, make sure to visit this temple.


Gyeongbokgung Palace (景福宮)

I took a week-long trip to South Korea earlier this summer, but unlike most of the trips I take this one wasn't going supposed to be an action-packed fully planned-out occasion where I would see as much as possible while trying to learn as much as I could about the place I was visiting.

I've been to Korea before and truthfully I'm a big fan of the country (especially its food) but I've resisted revisiting again in recent years as the country has become a hot spot in Asia for people wanting to experience the culture and fashion which has been popularized by the tremendously successful Korean music and entertainment industry.

This time my trip was a whole lot more simple - I'd carry a lot less around in my camera bag and I'd spend most of my free time searching out some of the best restaurants in Seoul while hanging out with some people from home that I haven't seen in almost twenty years!

I was in town to attend the wedding of a very special friend of mine from when I was growing up and having met her fiancé when they visited Taiwan a few months earlier, I was really happy to be able to attend the wedding of two very cool people! 

My friend Marie is a very vocal supporter of Korea and has combined her love of the country with her entrepreneurial skills to help promote Korean designers and products outside of Korea by founding the subscription box service Korea Curated which ships boxes of cool Korean products created by young Korean designers and entrepreneurs to people all over the world each and every month.

Marie's husband Cory is an expat Youtuber who promotes Korean culture, food and travel through his popular Youtube channel and together they've combined to form a formidable team that does excellent work promoting Korea to audiences both in and outside of the country.

As you might imagine the two of them and I get along quite well because we are very vocal lovers of our adopted country's and while they promote Korea through their videography and entrepreneurial skills, I try to do with same for Taiwan with my photography.

While I didn't have a lot of time to do a whole lot of 'touristy' stuff during my short visit to the country, I did what almost every other tourist who visits Korea does and ate a lot of amazing BBQ and drank a lot of soju - Way too much soju actually - and visited one of Seoul's most prized attractions.  

Gyeongbokgung Palace (경복궁/景福宮) also known as the Northern Palace was the primary home of the Joseon Dynasty (대조선국/大朝鮮國) which ruled Korea for five centuries between 1392 and 1897. The palace originally built by King Taejo (태조/太祖) in 1395 was the seat of the central government in Seoul where the rulers of the Joseon dynasty would sit on the Phoenix Throne (어좌/王座).

I had visited the palace on my previous trip to Korea, but I wanted to visit again because like the phoenix which symbolized the Joseon dynasty, the palace itself has risen up from the ashes of destruction several times in its history and what I saw this summer was much different than what I was able to see during my last visit as the palace is in a constant state of reconstruction that is set to be completed within the next fifteen years.

The palace's first bout of bad luck was a fire which severely damaged the grounds in 1553. It was then destroyed by the Japanese invasion of 1592 during the Imjin War (임진조국전쟁/萬曆朝鮮之役) and was left in ruin for 250 years with the monarchy and government formally moving to nearby Changdeokgung Palace (창덕궁/昌德宮), another one of the dynasty's Five Grand Palace's, which just like Gyeongbokgung has also had an unfortunate history.

Work started in 1865 to repair the palace to its original condition by Heungseon Daewongun (이하응/李昰應), regent and father of King Gojong (고종/高宗) who assumed the throne and moved back into the palace in 1868. The renovation almost bankrupted the government and contributed to the decline of the economy and of the dynasty itself. By the time Gojong assumed the throne, the monarchy was viewed as a corrupt vassal state of the Qing Dynasty (清朝) in China and had to resist a push for modernization from within as well as constant threats of Japanese invasion.

The dynasty was renamed to the "Korean Empire" (대한제국/大韓帝國) in 1867 in an attempt to appease domestic concerns but did not last very long as Japan annexed the Korean Peninsula and forced Emperor Gojong to abdicate the throne, put an end to the Korean monarchy as well as putting the governance of Korea under the control of the Japanese for the next 35 years.

After the annexation of Korea, Gyeongbokgung Palace was viewed by the Japanese as symbolic of Korean culture and heritage so in an attempt to subdue Korean nationalism and dissent, the palace was almost completely destroyed with the majority of the buildings within the complex torn down leaving only a few dozen structures left standing.

The structures which escaped destruction notably include Geunjeongjeon, the Imperial Throne Hall (근정전/勤政殿), the beautiful Geunjeongjeon (경회루/慶會樓) and a few other buildings which today which are listed as National Treasures (국보/國寶) by the Korean government.

Notably missing however is a building called the Hall of Worthies (집현전/集賢殿) which was where the Korean writing system Hangul (한글/韓文) was created under direction from the king. The hall is thought to have been somewhere within the palace grounds but it seems that archaeological research has yet to turn up evidence of where it was located despite popular belief that it was likely somewhere near the Sajeongjeon Hall (사정전/思政殿) which was used as the main executive building of the king.

During its heyday the 419,000 square meter palace consisted of 500 buildings with over 7,700 rooms, a staff of 3000 people and housed the offices of the central government which conducted all of its business from within the walls of the compound. 

Today the palace has traded in the monarchy, scholars, concubines, government officials and military for hoards of tourists who visit the spectacularly rebuilt compound which includes museums, gardens and some of the best examples of traditional Korean architecture in the country.

The Gyeongbokgung Palace that we see today is the result of a lot of hard work undertaken by the South Korean government to restore the compound to its former glory. The government benchmarked the project to be completed within 40 years and has partially funded the rebuild with the price of admission for tourists who have been visiting since it was reopened to the public.

In 2009 (two years after my first visit to the palace) it was estimated that 40% of the palace had been reconstructed and it would take yet another twenty years to fully restore the palace.

Still, despite only being half completed, the palace is one of Seoul's largest attractions for both foreign and domestic tourists and the changing of the guard ceremony which happens once every hour is one of the highlights of the visit to the palace.

When you visit you are also likely to see tourists, especially those from China walking around in traditional Korean clothing which is great for a photo op if you are visiting and aren't really concerned with seeing much of the compound.

If you're like me however you'll probably ignore all of that and try to see and learn as much as you can. Unfortunately after dedicating around 5 hours to the palace, I probably only got to see about a fifth of the 50% that has been completed meaning that I unfortunately missed quite a bit.

If I ever find myself back in Seoul again, I will no doubt end up back at the palace to see the progress that has been made but also some of the beautiful places that I've missed. The reason I'm so willing to visit this palace again and again is actually quite simple - I'm a big fan of cultural anthropology and the care that has been taken to rebuild this palace and all of the buildings within almost brick for brick is extremely commendable and is a testament to the strength of the Korean people and the dedication to the preservation of their culture and their history.

There is so much more detail that can be said about this palace which has been said many times before by people who know much more than I - If you want to learn more about the palace and the history of the Joseon Dynasty please check out some of the links below for reference: 

Official SiteThe Seoul Guide | Life in Korea | Koreana |  Synapticism | Wikipedia 

If you ever find yourself in Seoul, make sure to visit this palace, which has a subway station that drops you off right outside!

Also, if you are interested in learning a little more about Korea, make sure to follow my friends Cory & Marie on Youtube as they continue to explore and promote the country that they love.